Types of Laboratory Department: with definition
Approx 9 type are present
1) Specimen Processing:
● Incoming specimens sorted
● Specimens accessioned into computer system
● Specimens labeled and prepared for testing in separate department .
Specimen Types:- All.
2) Hematology :
● Complete blood count
● Hemoglobin and hematocrit measurements
● Coagulation studies
● Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
● Differential white blood cell count
● Platelet counts
☆Specimen Types:- Whole blood .
3) Clinical Chemistry :
● Electrolytes
● Glucose
● Blood urea nitrogen
● Creatinine
● Thyroid testing
● Cardiac enzyme testing
● Comprehensive metabolic panel
● Cholesterol/lipid testing
● Many automated chemistry tests and panels
☆ Specimen Types;- Serum, plasma,
urine, cerebrospinal fluid, amniotic fluid.
4) Serology and Immunohematology :
¤ Various tests looking for antigens and/or antibodies such as:
● RPR
● Mononucleosis testing
● HIV tests
● Chlamydia testing
● Antistreptolysin O test
● Pregnancy testing
● C-reactive protein
● ABO/Rh blood typing
● Antibody screens and crossmatches for transfusions
● Newborn testing
● Prenatal testing
☆ Specimen Types :- Serum, plasma,
whole blood .
5) Urinalysis :
● Physical appearance of urine
● Urine chemical analysis
● Microscopic urine analysis
☆Specimen Types :- urine.
6) Microbiology/Parasitology :
● Identification of pathogenic microorganisms
● Streptococcal screens
● Antibiotic sensitivity testing
☆ Specimen Types :- Blood, urine, wound
specimens, tissue,stool, cerebrospinal
fluid, sputum, urethral and vaginal
discharge, nails,skin scrapings.
7) Cytology :
● Examination of various specimens for abnormal cells Chromosomal studies
Pap smears .
☆ Specimen Types :- Urine, skin, tissue
specimens, sputum .
8) Coagulation :
● Testing for presence or absence of adequate clotting factors
☆ Specimen Types:- Whole blood.
9) Histology/Pathology :
● Examination for abnormal form and structure in tissues
☆ Specimen Types:Tissue/organs,
biopsy specimens from various parts
of the body, preserved and fresh
specimens examined .
1) • Specimen Processing: The area of the laboratory where all incoming specimens are sorted, accessioned into the computer system of the laboratory, and appropriately labeled for transport to their respective
departments for testing. The specimen processing department may also prepare specimens for transport to reference laboratories.
2) • Hematology: Whole blood testing, which focuses on the formed elements (the blood cells) in the blood.Coagulation testing is also performed in this department.
3) • Clinical Chemistry: Testing performed on plasma or serum (the liquid portion of the blood) and includes analysis of the substances dissolved in the bloodstream. Most testing is automated, and many of the tests are performed as panels or groups of tests.
4) • Serology/Immunohematology: Testing that focuses primarily on the presence of antigens or antibodies on cells or in the liquid portion of the blood. Blood typing and antibody screens and crossmatches for transfusions may also be performed in this department.
5) • Urinalysis: The physical appearance of urine is assessed, and urine chemical and microscopic analysis is performed.
6) • Microbiology/Parasitology: Identification of pathogenic microorganisms and antibiotic sensitivity testing.
7) • Cytology: Examination of various specimens for abnormal cells, chromosomal studies, Pap smears.
8) • Coagulation: Specimens testing for the presence of various clotting factors.
9) • Histology/Pathology: Tissue samples examined for abnormal function and form.
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