Definition: A clinical laboratory is any place where specimens from the human body may be collected, processed, examined, or analyzed.
Types of Clinical Laboratory:
1) Physician office laboratories (POLs).
2) Hospital laboratory
3) Reference laboratory
1)Definition: Physician office laboratories (POLs) are clinical laborato-ries within physician offices where laboratory testing is
carried out on specimens obtained from the practices’ own patients.
2) Definition: Hospital laboratories generally offer laboratory testing that meets the needs of their respective institution.For instance, if a hospital specializes in a certain type
of surgical procedure or treatment, the hospital laboratory will offer extensive testing in that specialty area,in addition to the standard tests required to monitor
the health of the other patients in the hospital.
3) Definition: Reference laboratories perform more tests annually than either POLs or the hospital laboratories, processing perhaps thousands of specimens per day. These tests include those that are performed at hospital laboratories,but reference laboratories may offer specialized testing that is not performed at either hospital laboratories or POLs. Specimens may be sent to a reference laboratory from all over the country.
Test performed in different clinical laboratory Explained :
1) Physician office laboratories (POLs) : These ambulatory (outpatient) laboratories
generally perform low complexity tests that are designated as Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment–waived (CLIA-waived) tests by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
☆ These tests may include the following:
• Rapid microbiology testing for the presence of group A Streptococcus and influenza
• Urine analysis
• Pregnancy testing
• Tests such as those for mononucleosis, Helicobacter pylori, and HIV
• Coagulation testing to monitor patients who are taking anticoagulants
• Glucose levels and other tests used to monitor diabetic patients
• Fecal occult blood tests for the presence of blood in the stool
• Cholesterol testing .
2) Hospital Laboratories :
☆ Tests performed at a hospital laboratory may include the following:
• Electrolytes
• Kidney function tests
• Liver function analysis
• Blood typing and crossmatches for transfusions
• Identification of microorganisms and antibiotic sensitivity testing.
• Urine analysis
• Coagulation testing
• Cardiac enzyme assays
• Complete blood counts (CBCs) and other hematology testing Hospital laboratories may also offer another method for testing samples, called point-of-care testing
(POCT). Point-of-care tests are actually performed at the patient’s bedside rather than in the laboratory, using a portable instrument that gives immediate results.
3) Reference laboratories :
☆ CLIA-waived tests Moderate- and high-complexity tests . Microscopic examinations.
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